Whakakīia te puka i raro nei, ā, ka īmēra atu mātou ki a koe te putanga PDF o “Ngā whakapainga hangarau hou hei huri i te hauhā waro hei wahie wai”
Ko te hauhā waro (CO2) he hua o te tahunga o ngā wahie pūmua me te hau kati kōtuhi tino noa, ka taea te huri hei wahie whai hua i roto i te huarahi pumau. Ko tētahi huarahi whai hua ki te huri i ngā tukunga CO2 hei rauemi wahie ko te tukanga e kiia nei ko te whakaiti hikohiko. Engari kia whai hua ai te mahi arumoni, me whakapai ake te tukanga hei whiriwhiri, hei whakaputa rānei i ngā hua e hiahiatia ana he nui te waro. Ināianei, e ai ki te pūrongo i roto i te puka Nature Energy, kua whakawhanakehia e Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) tētahi tikanga hou hei whakapai ake i te mata o te whakakorikori parahi e whakamahia ana mō te tauhohenga āwhina, ā, mā reira ka whakanui ake i te whiriwhiringa o te tukanga.
"Ahakoa e mōhio ana mātou ko te parahi te kaiwhakaoho pai rawa atu mō tēnei tauhohenga, kāore e whakarato i te tino whiriwhiringa mō te hua e hiahiatia ana," te kī a Alexis, he kaipūtaiao matua i te Tari Pūtaiao Matū i Berkeley Lab me te ahorangi hangarau matū i Te Whare Wānanga o California, Berkeley. I kī a Spell. "I kitea e tā mātou tīma ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te taiao ā-rohe o te kaiwhakaoho hei mahi i ngā mahi tinihanga hei whakarato i tēnei momo whiriwhiringa."
I roto i ngā rangahau o mua, kua whakatūria e ngā kairangahau ngā āhuatanga tino tika hei whakarato i te taiao hiko me te matū pai rawa atu mō te hanga hua whai rawa waro me te uara arumoni. Engari he rerekē ēnei āhuatanga ki ngā āhuatanga e puta noa ana i roto i ngā pūtau wahie noa e whakamahi ana i ngā rauemi kawe hiko e ahu mai ana i te wai.
Hei whakatau i te hoahoa ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te taiao wai pūtau wahie, hei wāhanga o te kaupapa Energy Innovation Center o te Liquid Sunshine Alliance o te Manatū Pūngao, i tahuri a Bell me tana tīma ki tētahi paparanga angiangi o te ionomer, e āhei ai ētahi ngota ngota (ngā katote) kua utua kia puta. Kaua e whakaurua ētahi atu katote. Nā ō rātou āhuatanga matū tino whiriwhiri, he tino pai rātou mō te whai pānga kaha ki te taiao moroiti.
I whakaaro a Chanyeon Kim, he kairangahau pou-tohu-muri i roto i te rōpū Bell me te kaituhi tuatahi o te pepa, kia pania te mata o ngā whakakorikori parahi ki ngā ionomer e rua, arā, ko Nafion me Sustainion. I whakapae te tīma mā te mahi pera ka huri te taiao e tata ana ki te whakakorikori—tae atu ki te pH me te nui o te wai me te hauhā waro—kia taea ai te whakahaere i te tauhohenga kia puta ai ngā hua whai waro ka taea te huri ngāwari hei matū whai hua. Ngā hua me ngā wahie wai.
I pania e ngā kairangahau tētahi paparanga angiangi o ia ionomer me tētahi paparanga takirua o ngā ionomer e rua ki tētahi kiriata parahi e tautokona ana e tētahi rauemi polymer hei hanga i tētahi kiriata, ka taea e rātou te whakauru tata ki tētahi pito o tētahi pūtau hikohiko āhua-ā-ringa. I te werohanga o te hauhā waro ki roto i te pākahiko me te whakamahi i te ngaohiko, i inehia e rātou te iahiko katoa e rere ana i roto i te pākahiko. Kātahi ka inehia e rātou te hau me te wai i kohia i roto i te puna tata i te wā o te tauhohenga. Mō te kēhi paparanga-rua, i kitea e rātou ko ngā hua whai waro te 80% o te pūngao i pau i te tauhohenga—neke atu i te 60% i roto i te kēhi kāore i pania.
"Ka whakaratohia e tēnei paninga hanawiti ngā mea pai rawa atu o ngā ao e rua: te whiriwhiri hua teitei me te kaha mahi teitei," te kī a Bell. Ehara i te mea he pai anake te mata paparua-rua mō ngā hua whai waro, engari he kaha hoki te iahiko e puta mai ana i te wā kotahi, e tohu ana i te pikinga ake o te mahi.
I whakatau ngā kairangahau ko te hua o te pikinga o te kukū CO2 i roto i te paninga i runga tonu i te parahi te hua o te urupare pai ake. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā ngota ngota kino e kohia ana i te rohe i waenganui i ngā ionomer e rua ka iti ake te waikawa o te rohe. Ka whakakorengia e tēnei huinga ngā taupatupatu kukū e puta pinepine ana i te korenga o ngā kiriata ionomer.
Hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te tauhohenga, i tahuri ngā kairangahau ki tētahi hangarau kua whakamātauhia i mua, kāore e hiahiatia he kiriata ionomer hei tikanga anō hei whakanui ake i te CO2 me te pH: te ngaohiko pāorooro. Mā te whakamahi i te ngaohiko pāorooro ki te paninga ionomer paparua, i eke ngā kairangahau ki te 250% te pikinga o ngā hua whai waro ki te whakataurite ki te parahi kāore i pania me te ngaohiko tūmau.
Ahakoa e arotahi ana ētahi kairangahau ki te whakawhanake i ngā whakakōkī hou, kāore te kitenga o te whakakōkī e whai whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga whakahaere. He tikanga hou, he tikanga rerekē hoki te whakahaere i te taiao i runga i te mata o te whakakōkī.
"Kāore mātou i hanga i tētahi whakakorikori hou rawa atu, engari i whakamahia e mātou tō mātou māramatanga ki te tere o te tauhohenga, ā, i whakamahia tēnei mōhiotanga hei ārahi i a mātou ki te whakaaro me pēhea te whakarerekē i te taiao o te wāhi whakakorikori," te kī a Adam Weber, he miihini matua. He kaipūtaiao i te mara o te hangarau pūngao i Berkeley Laboratories, ā, he kaituhi tahi hoki o ngā tuhinga.
Ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te whakawhānui ake i te hanga o ngā whakakorikori pania. Ko ngā whakamātautau tuatahi a te tīma Berkeley Lab i uru atu ki ngā pūnaha tauira papatahi iti, he māmā ake i ngā hanganga porowhita nui e hiahiatia ana mō ngā tono arumoni. "Ehara i te mea uaua ki te pani i tētahi paninga ki runga i tētahi mata papatahi. Engari ko ngā tikanga arumoni ka uru pea ki te paninga i ngā pōro parahi iti," te kī a Bell. He uaua te tāpiri i tētahi paparanga tuarua o te paninga. Ko tētahi huarahi ko te whakaranu me te whakatakoto i ngā paninga e rua ki roto i tētahi whakarewa, me te tumanako ka wehea ina mimiti te whakarewa. Mēnā kāore? I whakatau a Bell: "Me mātau ake tātou." Tirohia a Kim C, Bui JC, Luo X me ētahi atu. Te taiao moroiti whakakorikori ritenga mō te whakaiti hiko o te CO2 ki ngā hua maha-waro mā te whakamahi i te paninga ionomer paparua ki runga i te parahi. Nat Energy. 2021;6(11):1026-1034. doi:10.1038/s41560-021-00920-8
I tangohia mai tēnei tuhinga i te rauemi e whai ake nei. Kia mōhio: Tērā pea kua whakatikahia te roa me te ihirangi o te rauemi. Mō ētahi atu pārongo, whakapā atu ki te puna kua whakahuatia.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 22-2021
