Āmonia (NH3)

Ngā Tawhā Hangarau

Ko te haukini wai, e mōhiotia ana ko te haukini waikore, he wai kore tae, he kakara kaha, he waikura hoki. Hei rauemi matū nui, ka whakamahia te haukini hei whiwhi haukini wai mā te pēhanga, te whakamatao rānei i te haukini hau hei whakahaere i te kawe me te rokiroki. He ngāwari te wairewa o te haukini wai ki te wai, ā, ka hanga he ion haukini NH4+ me te ion hauwai OH- i muri i te waikura ki te wai. He kawakore te otinga. He whānui te whakamahinga o te haukini wai i roto i te ahumahi, he waikura, he ngāwari hoki te whakapūpū, nō reira he tino teitei te tere o te aituā matū. Ko te haukini wai he whakarewa kore-wai kore-waro e whakamahia whānuitia ana, ā, ka whakamahia hoki hei rauemi mata mō te whakamatao me te whakaputa ahumahi. Ka whakamahia i roto i te hanga tongi, ngā pahūtanga, ngā kirihou me ngā muka matū. He kaha ngā āhuatanga whakaiti o te otinga haukini whakarewa-wai, ā, he whānui te whakamahinga i roto i te hanga kore-waro me te hanga waro. He maha te whakamahinga i roto i te hanga o ngā matū whakarewa whakawhiti me ngā āhua waikura iti. I roto i te matū waro, ka whakamahia te otinga haukini konutai-wai i roto i te tauhohenga whakaiti Birch hei whakaiti i te mowhiti kakara ki te pūnaha mowhiti cyclohexadiene. Ka taea hoki e ngā otinga haukini wai o te konutai, o ētahi atu konganuku rānei te whakaiti i ngā alkyne hei whakaputa i ngā trans-olefin. I roto i te umanga matū, ko te haukini wai tētahi o ngā rauemi mata mō te hanga urea. I taua wā anō, nā ōna āhuatanga matū motuhake, he pai te whakamahi i roto i ngā umanga semiconductor me te metallurgical. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka rongoatia te haukini wai i roto i ngā rango maitai ātete-pēhanga, i ngā tāke maitai rānei, ā, kāore e taea te noho tahi me te acetaldehyde, te acrolein, te boron me ētahi atu matū. Me rongoa ngā rango haukini wai ki roto i tētahi whare putunga, i runga rānei i tētahi papa me tētahi whare pupuri taonga. Ina whakarārangihia ki te rangi tuwhera, me hipoki ki tētahi tēneti hei ārai i te rā tika. Me tiaki ngā rango maitai me ngā taraka tāke e kawe ana i te haukini wai mai i te wera i te wā e kawe ana, ā, ka tino rāhuitia ngā ahi ahi.

Taupānga:

1. Ngā maniua matū:
E whakamahia nuitia ana te haukini wai mō te hanga waikawa hauota, te urea me ētahi atu maniua matū.
 
2. Ngā rauemi mata:
Ka taea te whakamahi hei rauemi mata i roto i ngā rongoā me ngā patupatu.
 
3. Te hanga i te rōkete, te pūwero pere:
I roto i te umanga ārai, e whakamahia ana ki te hanga rōkete, pere pere.
 
4. Pūwhakamatao:
Ka taea te whakamahi hei pouaka whakamātao.
 
5. Te whakaotinga o ngā kakahu kua whakamārōtia:
Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te haukini wai mō te whakaotinga Mercerized o ngā kakahu.

Rahi o te Mōkihi:

Ngā Painga:

1. Ka hangaia e tā mātou wheketere te NH3 mai i ngā rauemi mata kounga teitei, ā, he iti hoki te utu.
2. Ka hangaia te NH3 i muri i ngā tikanga purenga me te whakatikatika maha i roto i tā mātou wheketere. Ka whakarite te pūnaha whakahaere ipurangi i te parakore o te hau i ia wāhanga. Me tutuki te paerewa i te hua kua oti.
3. I te wā e whakakī ana, me whakamaroke te rango mō te wā roa (16 hāora pea te iti rawa), kātahi ka horoia te rango ki te wai korehau, ā, i te mutunga ka nekehia ki te hau taketake. Mā ēnei tikanga katoa ka whakarite kia parakore te hau i roto i te rango.
4. He maha ngā tau e mahi ana mātou i te mara hau, nā te nui o te wheako ki te whakaputa me te kaweake ka taea e mātou te whakawhirinaki mai o ngā kiritaki, ka makona rātou ki tā mātou ratonga, ā, ka homai he urupare pai ki a mātou.